By skyforbes 
EDIT: First of all, thank you for the help and the solution. Yes, it was insanely stupid. Since many of you are saying that I’m a troll or karma farming because I have an Ebony Axe and Gold Armor, I want to clarify that I have only 22 hours in the game. I’ve explored all of the lower center and lower right regions, and right now I’m in Riften, which is only the second major city I’ve unlocked after Whiterun. I’ve mostly ignored the main quest; the last one I did was with the Elder at the top of the mountain which is also why i'm exploring lower right.
So yes, I have Dwarven armor and an Ebony Axe because I explored everything on my way. This is not my first claw puzzle I’ve had four others before this one, and I quickly solved them by looking at the painting. It was only with this one that I realized it was all just luck, and the painting clues I thought I saw made no sense at all. I didn’t expect the game to just give me the solution with the claw’s 3D model. That’s pretty much it.